مجله علوم دامی ایران
سال پنجاه و چهارم شماره 2 (تابستان 1402)

essential, as well as, the first step for designing breeding programs in this species. In this regard, powerful tools such as next-generation sequencing technology have made it possible to decode the genome information in this species. Based on this research motive, the aim of the current study was to identify the genomic runs of homozygosity (ROH) and investigate related genes in dromedary camels using whole genome sequencing data. For this purpose, a total of 12 sequenced genomic data related to Iranian and non-Iranian dromedary camels were used. After bioinformatics analysis including quality assessment, data pre-preprocessing, alignment in the reference genome, and identification of variants, qualitative filter of variants, finally, ROH regions were identified. Based on the obtained results, 549 (137.3 regions per sample) and 1356 (169.5 regions per sample) ROH were identified in the genomes of Iranian dromedary camels and dromedaries from the Arabian Peninsula, respectively. The results of the annotation revealed that some important fertility-related genes such as FSHR and LHCGR are located in the ROH regions of Iranian dromedary camels. Also, investigation of gene ontology results revealed that some important genes including CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 (immune-related), STBD1 (related to energy metabolism), SCARB2 (related to lipid metabolism and fertility) and SHROOM3 (related to kidney function) are shared between Iranian and non-Iranian camels. Finally, as a summary, it seems that the controlling factor and the reason for the creation of ROHs in the genome of dromedary camels is natural selection to adapt to the desert environment.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of dietary Mg on reproduction performance and expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 genes in the placenta. 50 cows in each treatments, from 3 weeks to calving were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments. Treatments included control treatment (magnesium at the level of NRC recommendations), magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide treatments (magnesium 0.6% of DM). Placenta samples were taken after calving and mRNA expression were investigated. Blood samples were collected pre and postpartum and plasma metabolites were measured. Relative mRNA expression of MMP-9 in magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate treatments was higher and the percent of retained placenta in this treatments was lower than control group. Experimental treatments had no significant effect on the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2. Experimental diets had no effect on uterine involution score, first estrus and AI/conception. Treatments improved plasma Mg and insulin concentrations and reduced NEFA significantly. Magnesium oxide treatment improved pregnancy at first AI and pregnancy by 210 days postpartum. Cows in the experimental diets had fewer open days than the control group. The results showed that increasing dietary Mg compared to NRC (2001) recommendations could reduce retained placenta and improve fertility.

The economic benefit of dairy cattle breeding units is a function of milk production volume, reproductive efficiency and herd health that various environmental and physiological factors such as nutrition, parity and offspring sex can play a role in the incidence of these traits. the main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of calf sex on production, reproductive and udder health traits in Isfahan Holstein cows. The data included 37,038 Holstein cows from the first to fifth lactation period from 13 industrial herds during the years 2005 to 2017. To investigate the effect of calf sex on the production and health traits, the mixed linear model procedure and on the reproduction traits, GLIMMIX procedure of SAS9.4 software were used. The results showed that cows with female calf had higher 305-days of milk (90.7 kg) in compared to cows with male calf (P<0.01). For percentage of 305-d fat and protein and the number of days from calving to first service, the effect of calf sex different was low but significant (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between male and female calves for other traits. According to the results, it seems necessary to consider the effect of calf sex in the genetic evaluation of Isfahan Holstein cows and also cost-benefit analysis of the use of sexed semen in herds.

Investigation of mitochondrial genome sequence of cytochrome-b region within population can be a good indicator for diversity in the studied population. A recent study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity in Kurdish horses and phylogenetic relationship of between Kurdish horse with other horse breeds in the world using cytochrome-b region. Blood samples were collected from 30 Kurdish horses and total DNA was extracted by modified salting out method. Cytochrome-b sequences were amplified by primers pairs with 1029 bp length and then were sequenced after purifying. The sequences were trimmed to 882 bp using BioEdit software. The samples were aligned with the horse reference sequence with access number (X79547) using Clustal-W package. Haplotype and polymorphic site numbers, Haplotype and nucleotide diversity were estimated using DNASP4 software. Phylogenetic tree was constructed in MEGA7 software by neighbor joining method. 7 haplotypes with 7 polymorphic site were identified. Whole haplotypes were belonged to K haplogroup. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.784±0.001 and 0.00218±0.001, respectively. The compositional frequency of consensus sequences was including: A base, 21.27%; C base, 32.77%; G base, 13.15% and T base, 26.87%. According to the phylogenetic analysis, Kurdish horses were genetically more closely related to Japanese and Chinese breeds and one Polish and Saudi Arabian breeds which shows that Kurdish horse has genetic similarities with Asian and some European horse breeds.

Methionine is the first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet, and it plays essential roles in energy production and protein synthesis, increasing the growth performance of broiler chickens. This trial was conducted to compare the effect of L- and DL-Methionine on hatchability, productive performance and biochemistry of some blood parameters of broiler chicken from 1 to 7 day of age. On days 16 of incubation, 800 fertile egg (Ross 308) were randomly divided between 8 treatments (and 4 replicates) including 3 levels of L-Methionine (10, 20 and 30 mg), 3 levels of DL-Methionine (10, 20 and 30 mg) and two control treatments including negative (no injection) and positive (injection of 200 microliters of saline) control. Results showed that all treatments significantly (p<0.05) decreased the hatchability, without no effect on chick weight, chick to egg weight ratio and feed intake from 1 to 7 days of age. Birds received 30 mg L-Methionine showed the best BWG (27.3 g) and FCR (0.62). Likewise, 30 mg L-Methionine increased the carcass to live weight ratio (50.5) significantly (p<0.04). The applied treatments compare to the negative control group significantly (P<0.04) decreased triglyceride content of serum in the chickens. In general, the results of this research showed that injection of 30 mg of L-methionine compared to DL-methionine can lead to increased performance and improved carcass ratio in 7 days.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different rates marker genotyping error and the type of mating and selection design (breeding value and phenotypic) on the accuracy of genomic prediction assessment under different levels of heritability (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3) and marker density (500, 1000 and 1500) by simulation in threshold trait. The genome consisted of two chromosomes, each 100 cM, and 125 QTLs were randomly distributed on each chromosome. In order to simulation a threshold trait, 20 percent of the top-level phenotypes were considered to be 2, and the rest were considered as 1. Genomic breeding value was predicted using marker effects estimated by Bayes B statistical method. Comparison of the accuracy of genomic evaluations showed that selection and mating designs of breeding value was more accurate than the selection and mating designs of phenotypic. The accuracy of genomic prediction decreased with increasing marker genotyping error in both selection and mating designs of breeding value and phenotypic. The results showed that with increasing the percentage of marker genotyping error, increasing the number of markers leads to increasing the accuracy of genomic breeding value prediction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bioactive peptides of sesame meal alone or with a mixture of savory essential oil (Satureja khuzestanica) and thyme (Thymus daenensis) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune and blood parameters in broiler chickens. A total of 250 male broiler chickens was used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 repetitions. The treatments included a control diet and a control diet with 0.5 gr/kg antibiotic, 0.5 gr/kg essential oil, 3 gr/kg sesame bio active peptide and a combination of 3 gr/kg sesame bioactive peptide and 0.5 gr/kg essential oil. The results showed that body weight gain in the treatments containing bioactive peptide mixture of sesame and plant essential oil were better than the control. Bioactive peptides increased crude protein digestibility in broilers. The change of the antibody concentration of viral diseases related to Gumboro disease in 42 days for the experimental treatments was significant compared to the control group (p<0.05). The highest and lowest antibody titers against Gumboro disease were observed in treatment 5 of bioactive peptide mixture of sesame and plant essential oil and treatment 2 containing antibiotics, respectively. In relation to blood cholesterol concentration, the lowest concentration was related to treatment 3 containing plant essential oil and the highest concentration was related to the control. In conclusion, the combination of bioactive peptide of sesame and plant essential oil with a positive effect on nutrient digestibility improves growth performance in broiler chickens.

Due to the importance of Sarcocystis as a common zoonotic disease in public health, in this study, the infection rate of Sarcocystis infection and molecular identification of its species by using COX1 and 18srRNA genes in slaughtered cattle and buffaloes of the abattoir of Urmia was investigated. For this purpose, samples were taken from the intercostal muscles, diaphragm, esophagus, and thighs of 100 cows and 100 buffaloes slaughtered in the slaughterhouse of Urmia city in 2021. At first, macroscopic and microscopic evaluation were performed on samples. Then, DNA was extracted from homogenized tissues and molecular investigations were done using COX1 and 18srRNA genes. In the macroscopic examination, none of the samples obtained from cows were infected with sarcocystis, while this protozoan was isolated from 11 (%11) samples obtained from buffaloes. The infection rate in the impression smear method in cow and buffaloes samples were 27 (%27) and 16 (%16) and in peptic digestion method was 37 (%37) and 23 (%23), respectively. In parallel, molecular evaluation confirmed the presence of sarcocystis infection in 39 cases (39%) out of 100 cow carcasses and 26 cases (26%) out of 100 studied buffalo carcasses. The findings of this study indicate relatively high infection rate in cattle and buffalo populations of the province. The findings of this study indicate relatively high infection rate in cattle and buffalo populations of the province. So, it is suggested to avoid eating raw and undercooked meat.